Knut Hamsun - Wikipedia. Knut Hamsun. Knut Hamsun in July 1. Born. Knud Pedersen(1.

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Considered to be one of the most pivotal stars of the early days of Hollywood, Charlie Chaplin lived an interesting life both in his films and behind.

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August 4, 1. 85. 9Lom, Gudbrandsdalen, Norway. Died. February 1. Grimstad, Nørholm, Norway. Occupation. Author, poet, dramatist, social critic. Nationality. Norwegian. Period. 18. 77–1. Literary movement.

Neo- romanticism. Neo- realism. Notable awards. Nobel Prize in Literature. Spouses. Bergljot Göpfert (née Bech) (1. Marie Hamsun (1. 90. Signature. Knut Hamsun (August 4, 1.

February 1. 9, 1. Norwegian writer, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1. Hamsun's work spans more than 7. Watch The Mechanik Youtube. He published more than 2. The young Hamsun objected to realism and naturalism. He argued that the main object of modernist literature should be the intricacies of the human mind, that writers should describe the "whisper of blood, and the pleading of bone marrow".[1] Hamsun is considered the "leader of the Neo- Romantic revolt at the turn of the 2.

Hunger (1. 89. 0), Mysteries (1. Pan (1. 89. 4), and Victoria (1. His later works—in particular his "Nordland novels"—were influenced by the Norwegian new realism, portraying everyday life in rural Norway and often employing local dialect, irony, and humour.[3]Hamsun is considered to be "one of the most influential and innovative literary stylists of the past hundred years" (ca. He pioneered psychological literature with techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue, and influenced authors such as Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka, Maxim Gorky, Stefan Zweig, Henry Miller, Hermann Hesse, and Ernest Hemingway.[5]Isaac Bashevis Singer called Hamsun "the father of the modern school of literature in his every aspect—his subjectiveness, his fragmentariness, his use of flashbacks, his lyricism. The whole modern school of fiction in the twentieth century stems from Hamsun".[6]On August 4, 2. Knut Hamsun Centre was opened in Hamarøy.[7] Since 1. Hamsun's works have been adapted into motion pictures.

Biography[edit]. Hamsun in 1. Hunger. Early life[edit]Knut Hamsun was born as Knud Pedersen in Lom in the Gudbrandsdal valley of Norway.[8] He was the fourth son (of seven children) of Tora Olsdatter and Peder Pedersen. When he was three, the family moved to Hamsund, Hamarøy in Nordland.[9] They were poor and an uncle had invited them to farm his land for him. At nine Knut was separated from his family and lived with his uncle Hans Olsen, who needed help with the post office he ran. Olsen used to beat and starve his nephew, and Hamsun later stated that his chronic nervous difficulties were due to the way his uncle treated him.

In 1. 87. 4 he finally escaped back to Lom; for the next five years he did any job for money; he was a store clerk, peddler, shoemaker's apprentice, sheriff's assistant, and an elementary- school teacher.[1. At 1. 7 he became a ropemaker's apprentice; at about the same time he started to write. He asked businessman Erasmus Zahl to give him significant monetary support, and Zahl agreed. Hamsun later used Zahl as a model for the character Mack appearing in his novels Pan (1. Dreamers (1. 90. 4), and Benoni and Rosa (1.

He spent several years in America, traveling and working at various jobs, and published his impressions under the title Fra det moderne Amerikas Aandsliv (1. Literary career[edit]Working all those odd jobs paid off[citation needed], and he published his first book about it: Den Gaadefulde: En Kjærlighedshistorie fra Nordland (The Enigmatic Man: A Love Story from Northern Norway, 1. In his second novel Bjørger (1. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson's writing style of the Icelandic saga narrative. The melodramatic story follows a poet Bjørger and his love for Laura. This book was published under the pseudonym Knud Pedersen Hamsund.

This book later served as the basis for Victoria: En Kærligheds Historie (1. Victoria: A Love Story, 1. World War II, arrest and trial[edit]During World War II, Hamsun put his support behind the German war effort. He courted and met with high- ranking Nazi officers, including Adolf Hitler. Nazi Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels wrote a long and enthusiastic diary entry concerning a private meeting with Hamsun; according to Goebbels Hamsun's "faith in German victory is unshakable".[1.

In 1. 94. 0 Hamsun wrote that "the Germans are fighting for us".[1. After Hitler's death, he published a short obituary in which he described him as "a warrior for mankind" and "a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations."After the war, he was detained by police on June 1. Grimstad (Grimstad sykehus) "due to his advanced age", according to Einar Kringlen (a professor and medical doctor).[1. In 1. 94. 7 he was tried in Grimstad, and fined.[1. Norway's supreme court reduced the fine from 5.

Norwegian kroner.[1. After the war, Hamsun's views on the Germans during the war was a serious grief for the Norwegians, and they tried to separate their world- famous writer from the "Nazi"- person.

Knut Hamsun died on February 1. Grimstad. His ashes are buried in the garden of his home at Nørholm.[1. Thomas Mann described him as a "descendant of Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Friedrich Nietzsche." Arthur Koestler was a fan of his love stories. H. G. Wells praised Markens Grøde (1. Hamsun was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Isaac Bashevis Singer was a fan of his modern subjectivism, use of flashbacks, his use of fragmentation, and his lyricism.[1.

A character in Charles Bukowski's book Women referred to him as the greatest writer to have ever lived.[1. Hamsun first received wide acclaim with his 1.

Hunger (Sult). The semiautobiographical work described a young writer's descent into near madness as a result of hunger and poverty in the Norwegian capital of Kristiania (modern name Oslo). To many, the novel presages the writings of Franz Kafka and other twentieth- century novelists with its internal monologue and bizarre logic. A theme to which Hamsun often returned is that of the perpetual wanderer, an itinerant stranger (often the narrator) who shows up and insinuates himself into the life of small rural communities. This wanderer theme is central to the novels Mysteries, Pan, Under the Autumn Star, The Last Joy, Vagabonds, Rosa, and others. Hamsun’s prose often contains rapturous depictions of the natural world, with intimate reflections on the Norwegian woodlands and coastline. For this reason, he has been linked with the spiritual movement known as pantheism ("There is no God," he once wrote.

Only gods."). Hamsun saw mankind and nature united in a strong, sometimes mystical bond. This connection between the characters and their natural environment is exemplified in the novels Pan, A Wanderer Plays on Muted Strings, and the epic Growth of the Soil, "his monumental work" credited with securing him the Nobel Prize in literature in 1.

A fifteen- volume edition of his complete works was published in 1. In 2. 00. 9, to mark the 1. For this new edition, all of Hamsun's works underwent slight linguistic modifications in order to make them more accessible to contemporary Norwegian readers.[2.

Fresh English translations of two of his major works, Growth of the Soil and Pan, were published in 1. Hamsun’s works remain popular. In 2. 00. 9, a Norwegian biographer stated, "We can’t help loving him, though we have hated him all these years .. That’s our Hamsun trauma. He’s a ghost that won’t stay in the grave."[2. Writing techniques[edit]Along with August Strindberg, Henrik Ibsen, and Sigrid Undset, Hamsun formed a quartet of Scandinavian authors who became internationally known for their works.

Hamsun pioneered psychological literature with techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue, as found in material by, for example, Joyce, Proust, Mansfield and Woolf. Personal life[edit]In 1. Hamsun married Bergljot Göpfert (née Bech), who bore daughter Victoria, but the marriage ended in 1. Hamsun then married Marie Andersen (1. They had four children: sons Tore and Arild and daughters Elinor and Cecilia. Marie wrote about her life with Hamsun in two memoirs.

Clark Gable - Wikipedia. William Clark Gable (February 1, 1. November 1. 6, 1.

American film actor and military officer, often referred to as "The King of Hollywood" or just simply as "The King".[1] Gable began his career as a stage actor and appeared as an extra in silent films between 1. Metro- Goldwyn- Mayer in 1. The next year, he landed his first leading Hollywood role and over the next three decades he became a leading man in more than 6. Gable won an Academy Award for Best Actor for It Happened One Night (1.

Mutiny on the Bounty (1. Rhett Butler in the epic Civil War drama Gone with the Wind (1. Gable also found success commercially and critically with films such as Red Dust (1. Manhattan Melodrama (1. San Francisco (1. Saratoga (1. 93. 7) Boom Town (1.

The Hucksters (1. Homecoming (1. 94.

The Misfits (1. 96. Gable appeared opposite some of the most popular actresses of the time. Joan Crawford was his favorite actress to work with,[4] and she was partnered with Gable in eight films.

Myrna Loy worked with him seven times, and he was paired with Jean Harlow in six productions. He also starred with Lana Turner in four features, and with Norma Shearer and Ava Gardner in three each. Gable's final film, The Misfits (1. Marilyn Monroe (also in her last completed screen appearance[a]). Gable is considered one of the most consistent box- office performers in history, appearing on Quigley Publishing's annual Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll 1. He was named the seventh- greatest male star of classic American cinema by the American Film Institute.[2]Life and career[edit]Early life[edit]William Clark Gable was born in Cadiz, Ohio, to William Henry "Will" Gable (1.

Adeline (née Hershelman; 1. His father was a Protestant and his mother a Roman Catholic.

Gable was named William after his father, but even in childhood, he was almost always called Clark or sometimes Billy.[7][8] He was mistakenly listed as a female on his birth certificate.[4] Among Gable's ancestors were Pennsylvania Dutch (German), Belgians, Rhinelanders, and Bavarians.[4][9][1. When Gable was six months old, he was baptized at a Roman Catholic church in Dennison, Ohio.

His mother died when he was ten months old, possibly from a brain tumor, although the official cause of death was given as an epileptic fit.[4] William Gable refused to raise his son Catholic, which provoked criticism from the Hershelman family. The dispute was resolved when Will Gable agreed to allow his son to spend time with his maternal uncle, Charles Hershelman, and his wife on their farm in Vernon Township, Pennsylvania.[1.

In April 1. 90. 3, Gable's father married Jennie Dunlap (1. Hopedale.[1. 3] The marriage produced no children.

Gable was a tall, shy child with a loud voice. His stepmother raised him to be well- dressed and well- groomed. Jennie played the piano and gave her stepson lessons at home.[1. Later he took up brass instruments. At 1. 3, he was the only boy in the men's town band. He was very mechanically inclined and loved to strip down and repair cars with his father. Although his father insisted on Gable doing "manly" things, like hunting and hard physical work, Gable loved language.

Among trusted company, he would recite Shakespeare, particularly the sonnets.[1. Will Gable agreed to buy a 7. The World's Greatest Literature to improve his son's education, but claimed he never saw his son use it.[1. In 1. 91. 7, when Gable was in high school, his father had financial difficulties. Will decided to settle his debts and try his hand at farming, and the family moved to Ravenna, Ohio, near Akron. Despite his father's insistence that he work the farm, Gable soon left to work in Akron for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company.[citation needed]Early career[edit]At 1.

Clark Gable was inspired to be an actor after seeing the play The Bird of Paradise, but he was not able to make a real start until he turned 2. By then, his stepmother had died, and his father moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma to go back to the oil business.[1. Gable toured in stock companies, as well as working the oil fields and as a horse manager.

He found work with several second- class theater companies, thus making his way across the Midwest to Seaside, Oregon, working as a logger, and to Portland, Oregon, where he worked as a necktie salesman in the Meier & Frank department store.[1. In Portland, he met Laura Hope Crews, a stage and film actress, who encouraged him to return to the stage with another theater company.[1.

Twenty years later, Crews played Aunt Pittypat alongside Gable's Rhett Butler in Gone With the Wind (1. Gable's acting coach, Josephine Dillon — a theater manager in Portland – was 1. She paid to have his teeth repaired and his hair styled. She guided him in building up his chronically undernourished body, and taught him better body control and posture. She spent considerable time training his naturally high- pitched voice, which he slowly managed to lower, to gain better resonance and tone.

As his speech habits improved, his facial expressions became more natural and convincing. After a long period of training, Dillon considered him ready to attempt a film career.[1. Stage and silent films[edit]In 1.

Dillon's financing, they went to Hollywood, where she became Gable's manager and first wife.[1. He changed his stage name from W. C. Gable to Clark Gable.[2.

He found work as an extra in such silent films as Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow (1. The Plastic Age (1.

Clara Bow, Forbidden Paradise (1. Pola Negri, plus a series of two- reel comedies called The Pacemakers. He appeared as an extra in Fox's The Johnstown Flood (1. Seventeen- year- old Carole Lombard, later his third wife, also appeared as an extra in that film, although they were not in the same scene. He also appeared as a bit player in a series of shorts.[2. However, he was not offered any major film roles, so he returned to the stage. He became lifelong friends with Lionel Barrymore, who, despite initially bawling Gable out for what he deemed amateurish acting, urged him to pursue a career on stage.[2.

During the 1. 92. Laskin Brothers Stock Company in Houston, Texas, where he played many roles, gained considerable experience, and became a local matinee idol.[1. He then moved to New York City, and Dillon sought work for him on Broadway. He received good reviews in Machinal (1. He's young, vigorous and brutally masculine", wrote the critic at The Morning Telegraph.[2. The start of talking pictures and the beginning of the Great Depression caused cancellation of many plays in the 1.

Early success and rising star[edit]. Mary Astor and Clark Gable in Red Dust, 1. In 1. 93. 0, after his impressive appearance as the seething and desperate character Killer Mears in the Los Angeles stage production of The Last Mile, Gable was offered a contract with Metro- Goldwyn- Mayer. His first role in a sound picture was as the unshaven villain in a low- budget William Boyd.

Western called The Painted Desert (1. He received a lot of fan mail as a result of his powerful voice and appearance; the studio took notice.[citation needed]In 1. Gable and Josephine Dillon were divorced. A few days later, he married Texas socialite Maria Franklin Prentiss Lucas Langham, nicknamed "Rhea".

After moving to California, they were married again in 1. His ears are too big and he looks like an ape", said executive Darryl F. Zanuck, then at Warner Bros., about Gable after testing him for the lead in the studio's gangster drama.

Little Caesar (1. The same year, in Night Nurse, Gable played a villainous chauffeur who was gradually starving two adorable little girls to death, then knocked Barbara Stanwyck's character unconscious with his fist, a supporting role originally slated for James Cagney until the release of The Public Enemy abruptly made Cagney a leading man.

After several failed screen tests for Barrymore and Zanuck, Gable was signed in 1. MGM's Irving Thalberg. He became a client of well- connected agent Minna Wallis, sister of producer Hal Wallis and a very close friend of Norma Shearer.